This study addresses two different problems. Firstly, recycling in the context of domestic solid waste management. With the developing technology, there is an increase in people's production and consumption habits, and the resulting wastes both endanger human health and harm nature. Domestic solid waste is one of them. For this reason, individuals should be encouraged to recycle their domestic solid waste and recycling habits should be gained. However, current systems are insufficient at this point. The second is the donation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the context of their economic continuity. Most of the income sources of NGOs are donations. However, due to the lack of income sources, most NGOs cannot reach their targets. Therefore, there is a need for systems that can encourage individuals to donate to NGOs. This study offers a solution to these two problems by developing a system that enables individuals to transfer the income they obtain by recycling their domestic solid waste as donations to NGOs. In this respect, a smart recycling vending machine, where individuals can recycle their domestic solid waste, and a mobile application, where they can donate the virtual money they obtain by recycling to NGOs, were designed. In this study, first of all, a scenario was prepared by the researcher to embody the project idea, and then a simulation was developed, in which many people could experience the project idea with the help of an expert in the field in line with the scenario and designs.

The development of many new technologies, especially virtual reality, provides opportunities for their effective use in education. The effective use of these technological developments in education can offer different opportunities for students and trainers: It is thought that with the increase of research and studies on the use of these opportunities, both social awareness and effective use of these tools have increased. In the current literature review, it has been observed that research on the use of virtual reality applications in special education are extremely limited. This research, carried out in this context, was carried out to reveal the current state of special education in our country and internationally in special education. In this study, the literature review, one of the descriptive research methods, was used. Within the scope of the research, it is aimed to reveal the problems experienced in Turkey and future studies by analysing the studies carried out for private education at the national and international levels. Although virtual reality can offer great opportunities for the academic and social development of students with its ability to appeal to many different senses, it was found in literature review that the software made for special education and the research conducted to determine the effectiveness level of this software were extremely limited. As a result, this study is expected to be a guide in the studies on the virtual reality use for special education.

This study aimed to determine the knowledge levels, attitudes, and behaviors of the participants across in Kayseri towards rational drug use (RDU) and to investigate their practices on RDU during the Covid-19 pandemic process. Of all, 868 participants made a contribution to the research. Exploratory sequential design, which is one of the mixed method designs with quantitative and qualitative data collection analysis methods, was used.  Quantitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The mean RDU score of the participants was 39.13±3.38, the lower limit was 16 and the upper limit was 42. In line with the findings, it was seen that 794 (91.5%) participants had a sufficient knowledge level on the topic of rational drug use and 74 (8.5%) had insufficient RDU knowledge level. In accordance with the results of the research, it was determined that there were significant differences between the RDU knowledge levels of the individuals according to their demographic and socioeconomic variables.

This study demonstrated that the participants could not reflect their current knowledge to their attitudes and behaviors due to the panic and fear they experienced during the pandemic despite their mean RDU scores were high. The semi-structured interviews with doctors and pharmacists supported this finding. It was concluded that the knowledge levels of participants were mostly insufficient in the questions about herbal treatment, which is one of the traditional treatment methods. It was revealed that herbal products were consumed abundantly during the Covid-19 process. Moreover, there was a tendency towards food supplements and vitamins during the pandemic process, and painkillers, antipyretics, and blood thinners were used the most within the drug category. In line with the data, an online information meeting on the use of RDU was organized with an academic specialized in the field at the schools of the project students for the students and institution teachers. In the literature review, since there was no other study on RDU in the Covid-19 period and as it was a study involving high school students; it is thought that this study will contribute to the field.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of P4C education on the development of teachers' ability to ask the right questions in their classrooms, the development of their method and technical knowledge, the determination of their ability to conduct discussions and their applications. The case study, which is one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 30 teachers working in different schools in Istanbul, who receive education within the scope of Istanbul Provincial Directorate of National Education Teacher Academies. In order to collect the data in the study, the opinion of three experts in the field of educational sciences was taken by the researcher. A semi-structured interview form developed was used. Descriptive analysis was carried out using the NVIVO 8 package program, which is one of the qualitative data analysis programs obtained. When the findings obtained as a result of the research were analyzed, it was determined that teachers were curious about how P4C applications were applied in the classroom, what their effects were on developing thinking skills, which resources and materials they could use in the classroom application process, and what was included in the content of P4C applications.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the personality types of high school students and their social media addictions. A correlational survey model was adopted. A total of 491 high school students who were selected by convenience sampling method participated in the study. “The Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form” (SMAS-SF), “Enneagram Personality Scale” (EPS), and “Personal Information Form” (PIF) were used as data collection tools. One-way ANOVA and t-test were performed to analyze the obtained data. Analysis results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between social media addiction scores and the following Enneagram personality types: helper, individualist, loyalist, enthusiast, and challenger. However, the analysis also found that there was a significant negative relationship between social media addiction scores and the following Enneagram personality types: reformer, achiever, investigator, and peacemaker. It was shown that there were statistically significant differences between the genders in all of the total scores and subscale scores for social media addiction and that the scores of female participants were higher than the scores of males. Besides that, it was found that the total score of social media addiction as well as the scores on all of the subscales differed significantly depending on the preferred social media platform, the frequency with which social media was used, the devices, and the purpose for which it was used. While assistance is offered to personality types for whom positive correlations have been found between scores for addiction to social media and Enneagram personality types, it may be a beneficial idea to formulate interventions according to how these personality types respond when put in stressful circumstances.